FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUBLINGUAL TABLETS OF VORTIOXETINE HBr FOR AVOIDANCE OF FIRST-PASS METABOLISM

सार

The oral route is the most common way to deliver drugs, but traditional pills and capsules can be slow to take effect and lose potency due to stomach acids and liver processing. To overcome these challenges, the sublingual route placing a tablet under the tongue—has emerged as a powerful alternative. It allows for rapid absorption directly into the bloodstream, avoiding digestive breakdown and first-pass metabolism. This review explores sublingual tablet drug delivery in detail. It starts by examining the structure and function of the sublingual mucosa and the principles of drug absorption through this membrane. The benefits of this approach, such as faster action, better bioavailability, lower doses, and improved patient convenience, are weighed against its limitations, including taste issues, dosage constraints, and variations in saliva. The ideal drug properties for sublingual delivery and analyze the critical role of formulation ingredients like super disintegrants, fillers, sweeteners, and flavouring agents. The discussion covers common manufacturing methods, including direct compression and effervescent systems, along with key factors for optimizing tablet performance. The review also highlights recent innovations, clinical applications, and commercially available sublingual 
products. Finally, it considers future directions for this field.