International Multidisciplinary Journal Metainnovate
ROLE OF ULTRA-DILUTED HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NIPAH VIRUS INFECTION
ABSTRACT Nipah virus is an emerging bat-borne deadly zoonotic disease which is known to cause severe neurological and respiratory problems. In modern medicine there are antiviral therapies of questionable efficacy and till date no specific therapies or vaccines have been approved to treat the Nipah virus. Homoeopathy based on the principle of ‘like cures life is an alternative system of medicine which can stimulate the healing responses of an individual to disease and hence homoeopathy can definitely make a notice in such cases. In this article, the role of ultra-diluted homoeopathic medicines in the management of NIPAH virus will be discussed.
हिंदू धर्म में मोक्ष को जीवन का परम लक्ष्य माना गया है, जो जन्म-मरण के चक्र से मुक्ति प्राप्त करने की अवस्था है। यह आत्मा की अंतिम मुक्ति है, जहाँ व्यक्ति सांसारिक बंधनों से मुक्त होकर परमात्मा या ब्रह्म के साथ एकत्व प्राप्त करता है। विभिन्न दर्शनों में मोक्ष को अलग-अलग रूपों में परिभाषित किया गया है—अद्वैत वेदांत में इसे आत्मा और ब्रह्म की एकता, द्वैत वेदांत में भगवद-भक्ति द्वारा ईश्वर की शरणागति, और सांख्य तथा योग दर्शन में इसे पुरुष और प्रकृति के अलगाव के रूप में देखा जाता है।मोक्ष प्राप्ति के मार्ग भी विविध हैं, जिनमें ज्ञान योग, भक्ति योग, कर्म योग, और राज योग प्रमुख हैं। हिंदू धर्मग्रंथों—उपनिषदों, भगवद गीता, वेदों और पुराणों में मोक्ष की व्याख्या विस्तार से की गई है।अतः, मोक्ष केवल आध्यात्मिक मुक्ति ही नहीं, बल्कि मानसिक और नैतिक उत्थान का भी प्रतीक है, जो व्यक्ति को पूर्ण शांति और आनंद की ओर ले जाता है। मोक्ष, संसार , कर्म, ब्रह्म , अद्वैत , और आनंद ।
मोक्ष, संसार , कर्म, ब्रह्म , अद्वैत , और आनंद ।
भारत की विदेश नीति: एक ऐतिहासिक परिप्रेक्ष्य
भारत की विदेश नीति स्वतंत्रता-पूर्व उपनिवेशवाद विरोधी दृष्टि से लेकर समकालीन बहुध्रुवीय विश्व व्यवस्था तक एक सतत विकासशील प्रक्रिया रही है। इस शोध-पत्र में भारत की विदेश नीति के ऐतिहासिक विकास, प्रमुख सिद्धांतों, और समकालीन चुनौतियों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि भारत ने सदैव शांति, सहयोग और राष्ट्रीय हितों की रक्षा को प्राथमिकता दी है।
भारत, विदेश नीति, गुटनिरपेक्ष आंदोलन, पंचशील, शीत युद्ध, उदारीकरण, बहुध्रुवीय विश्व
NADA-BRAHMAN TO NEUROACOUSTICS: REINTERPRETING ANCIENT SONIC PHILOSOPHY THROUGH MODERN SCIENCE
The concept of Nāda-Brahman, rooted in Vedic and post-Vedic philosophical traditions, asserts that sound constitutes the foundational principle of cosmic manifestation. In parallel, contemporary neuroacoustics investigates how sound modulates neural oscillations, emotional states, and cognitive processes. Objective: This study aims to reinterpret the philosophical doctrine of Nāda-Brahman through the lens of modern acoustic physics and neuroscience, establishing a dialogical framework between ancient metaphysics and empirical science. Methods: A qualitative interdisciplinary methodology was employed, involving textual analysis of Sanskrit primary sources including the Māṇḍūkya Upanishad, Natyashastra, and Sangita Ratnākara, alongside critical review of contemporary research in neuroacoustics, psychoacoustics, and cognitive neuroscience. Conceptual correlation models and analytical tables were developed to compare metaphysical and physiological paradigms. Results: The analysis reveals structural parallels between traditional classifications of nāda (āhata and anāhata), prāṇa-based phonation theories, and modern understanding of vocal biomechanics, neural entrainment, and resonance phenomena. Brainwave synchronization, vagal regulation, and auditory cortex activation demonstrate measurable correlates to ancient experiential descriptions of sonic transformation. Conclusion: While epistemologically distinct, Nāda-Brahman philosophy and neuroacoustics science converge in recognizing vibration as a transformative force. Hindustani classical music serves as a practical bridge uniting contemplative metaphysics with embodied neurophysiology
Nāda-Brahman, Neuroacoustics, Hindustani Classical Music, Brainwave Entrainment, Sonic Metaphysics, Consciousness Studies
The Function of Interactive and Communicative Methods in English Language Instruction
The efficacy of English language teaching (ELT) is predominantly contingent upon the approaches employed by educators. Interactive and conversational approaches that improve language learning are becoming more common than traditional teaching methods that focus on memorising rules and grammar. This article looks at how interactive and communicative strategies, like task-based learning (TBL), cooperative learning, and technology-enhanced instruction, can make students more interested, fluent, and confident. The report also talks about the problems that come with these methods and gives teachers ideas on how to use them well. The results indicate that interactive and communicative methodologies facilitate a more authentic and significant learning experience, equipping students for practical communication.
English Language Teaching (ELT), Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), TaskBased Learning (TBL), Interactive Teaching, Second Language Acquisition, Learner Engagement
The next battlefield: cyber warfare and international security.
Cyber warfare has become a major threat to world security, changing the way we think about war and defence. Cyber warfare is different from regular combat since it crosses national lines and lets both state and non-state entities attack from a distance, often without being seen. Cyberattacks endanger essential infrastructure, disturb economies, and weaken democratic institutions via disinformation campaigns and espionage. This study examines the changing nature of cyber warfare, its effects on global security, and the steps that countries are taking to reduce these threats. As new technologies like quantum computing and artificial intelligence change the way the internet works, cyber warfare is likely to become more complex and dangerous. The future of global security will depend a lot on how well countries can protect themselves from cyber attacks while also dealing with the political situation in cyberspace. This article emphasises the critical necessity for comprehensive cybersecurity regulations, international cooperation, and preemptive defence strategies to ensure global stability in the digital era
Terrorism, cyber warfare, global security, artificial intelligence, and defence system.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Enhancing Higher Education Teaching and Learning
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the most essential thing that has changed how higher education around the world teaches and learns. As academic environments evolve, the judicious application of digital tools has proven crucial in enhancing educational quality, increasing accessibility, and fostering greater student engagement. This article talks about the different ways that ICT can be employed, with a focus on Learning Management Systems (LMS), virtual labs, and mobile learning environments, which are all technologies that change the game. These technologies make it possible for people to work together and develop tailored learning routes that fit different ways of thinking. The study also examines the impact of ICT on remote learning and faculty professional development.and on student motivation and involvement. This article discusses big difficulties that need to be fixed, like not having enough infrastructure, not knowing how to use technology, and the moral dilemmas that come up with artificial intelligence. It highlights how ICT may be used to reduce educational disparities and give the future generation of global scholars more authority.
ICT, Higher Education, Academic Performance, Student Engagement, Digital Learning, Educational Technology.
The Spiritual Examination of the Psychophysiology of Mind-Body Regulation and its Significance in Mental Health within Homoeopathy
A spiritual examination of the psychophysiology of mind-body regulation in homoeopathy uncovers a system intended to synchronise the "Trinity of Life" (Body, Mind, and Spirit) by rectifying the fundamental energy disruption referred to as the "Vital Force". Homoeopathy sees mental health as more than just not having an illness. It sees it as a balanced, harmonious state in which the spirit controls the body's functioning. This method can also be used to treat PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). Homoeopathic medicine focuses on achieving holistic healing by restoring balance in physical, emotional, social, and mental aspects. The Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia is based on the essential rules for making homoeopathic medicines
A Deterministic Approach of an Inventory Model for Deteriorated Items with Time- and Inventory-Sensitive Demand Rate and Backorder.
The proposed model is the study on developing an inventory model for deteriorated items when demand is time-sensitive and inventory level-dependent. Deteriorated items can usually be found in items such as vegetables, fruit, milk, chemical products and pharmaceuticals, and they need special attention in managing this kind of inventory. We model the inventory control for these items by a mathematical model involving time- and inventory-dependent demand and considering the backorder policy in handling shortages. The developed model aims to find the optimal time between replenishment and when inventory drops to zero, which minimises the total inventory cost. The total inventory cost consists of the purchase cost, the order cost, the holding cost, and the shortage cost. Sensitivity analysis is performed to analyse the effect of changing the parameters’ values on the time between replenishment, when inventory drops to zero, the order quantity, and the total inventory cost. The finding shows that changing the parameters’ values of deterioration rate, demand, unit holding cost and unit shortage cost will have an impact on the time between replenishment, time when inventory drops to zero, order quantity, and inventory cost.
deteriorated items, time- and inventory-dependent demand, time between replenishment, order quantity.
Evidence based case report of left sided nephrolithiasis with mild hydroureteronephrosis treated with homoeopathy
Background: Nephrolithiasis Or renal stone is an universal problem in developing countries representing a major health concern. In allopathic system of medicine surgery is lastly adviced with comes with enumerous side effects. Homoeopathic medicines can be helpful to treat this condition gently, effectively amd most importantly in the fastest way without any known side effects. Methods: A through homoeopathic case taking was done of a 22 year old male patient who was suffering from left sided nephrolithiasis with mild hydroureteronephrosis and presented with the complaint of pain in lumbar region with nausea and vomiting for nearly 6 months. Knowing the adverse consequences of allopathic treatment in this case the patient opted for homoeopathy. This was an already diagnosed case and diagnosis was confirmed by USG whole abdomen (DATED – 17/07/2023. The size of the left lower calculus -3.12 mm). Proper case taking was done and analysis of the case done from homoeopathic perspective then the indicated medicine Lycopodium was prescribed. Result: The clinical symptoms like lumbar pain, nausea and vomiting was much reduced post medication. The USG whole abdomen which was post medication (DATED – 19/12/2023) showed no calculus. The cured took place within 5 months of treatment without any surgery and adverse drug reaction.
भारतीय दर्शन में नननहत संत एवं भक्त रूपी र्ब्दावली का वतशमान पररप्रेक्ष्य में प्रासंनगकता
भारतीय दशशन और अध्यात्म में सांत और भक्त की अवधारणा अत्यांत महत्त्वपूणश है। भक्तक्त आांदोलन की पूवशपीठिका में आध्याक्तत्मक जीवन की अस्त-व्यस्त क्तथथठत को सुधारने के ठलए सांतोां ने महत्त्वपूणश भूठमका ठनभाई। मानव की मानवीय आत्मचेतना की परानुरक्तक्त का ऐसा प्रकाशन भक्तक्त-तत्व है, जो सम्पूणश ठवश्व के सृजन के कारण ही परमात्मा तत्त्व के प्रठत रागात्मक सांबांध के ठवठभन्न रूपोां द्वारा अठभव्यांठजत ठकया जाता है। इस भक्तक्त का उद् गम मानव की उस शुद्ध बुक्तद्ध सत्व की अांतः प्रेरणा से हुआ है, ठजसका अनांत प्रचार-प्रसार सृठि के कण-कण में समाठहत है और चहुुँ ओर देखा जा सकता है । श्रद्धा और प्रेम का यह योग हमें हमारे इि प्रभु के आनन्द सागर में डू बो देने की क्षमता रखता है। इसी भक्तक्त तत्त्व के मूल में हमें भावोां का अथाह समांदर भी ठमलता है, ठजसमें गोता लगाकर ही मानव मुक्तक्त की श्रेणी में पहुुँचकर भक्तक्त रस में लीांन हो जाता है। इस भक्तक्त में गोता लगाने वाले मुख्य रूप से भक्त एवां सांत की श्रेणी शाठमल जीव होते हैं। इस लेख में भक्तोां एवां सांतोां पर ठवस्तृत चचाश की गई है ।
HYDROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON RIVER NAKATIA OF BAREILLY CITY: PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS AND PHYTOPLANKTON
Periodicity of plankton in relation to physico-chemical and biological factors of temperate waters, very little is known of tropical water-bodies. The present investigation was carried out to understand the phytoplankton and certain physico-chemical factors of Nakatia river. In the present studies, a portion of the river Nakatia flowing through the Bareilly city, a stretch of about 11 Km, was taken into consideration. The surface samples of the water were collected during the year 2019 for chemical analysis from four fixed sites at monthly intervals between 10 A.M. to 12 noon. Studies of the physicochemical factors of Nakatia river suggest that the various physical and chemical attributes are related to their periodic changes and interdependence. Phytoplanktons belong to several classes had cbserved, It includes 38 species of Cyanophyceae, 27 of Chlorophyceae, 1 of Xanthophycea, 1 of Chrysophyceae, 27 of Bacillariophyceae, 31 of Euglenineae and 4 to Rhodophyceae.
A Jharkhand Point of View on Creating Skill Modules for Organic and Natural Farming Based on the Indian Knowledge System (IKS)
Organic and natural farming, based on India's ancient farming knowledge, is becoming more and more popular as a long-term alternative to farming that uses a lot of chemicals. The National Education Policy (NEP 2020) stresses the importance of including the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) in school curricula. This makes it very important to provide skill-based modules for agriculture. This article suggests IKS-based skill modules for organic and natural farming, with a particular emphasis on the tribal and indigenous farming methods of Jharkhand. The programs combine theoretical knowledge with hands-on experience by using Vrikshayurveda, local seed conservation, soil and water management, and forest-based agroecology. Birsa Khad, Sarna agroforestry systems, Dobha water harvesting, and millet-based cropping are all examples from Jharkhand that show how traditional knowledge may be used to make farming more sustainable and robust to climate change. There are problems including not enough record of tribal methods, not enough educated teachers, and limited institutional backing. However, successful state programs show how to scale up. Adding IKS to skill education can change the way people learn about farming, improve the lives of people in rural areas, and make India a world leader in sustainable agriculture.
Cultural Heritage and Psychological Wellbeing: A Pilot Study with PVTG Tribal Students in Namkum, Ranchi
Indigenous groups in India have a lot of cultural traditions and ways of knowing that have a big impact on how people think and feel. Nevertheless, swift modernisation and sociocultural shifts may affect the psychological well-being of these groups. The current pilot study sought to investigate the correlation between cultural engagement, perceived stress, resilience, and subjective well-being among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) adolescents in Namkum, Ranchi. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed using a purposive sample of 20 tribal pupils. Standardised psychological tests were utilised, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the WHO-5 Well Being Index. Moreover, a limited array of non-standardized, exploratory interview questions were employed to evaluate cultural involvement and perceptions of stress associated with modernisation. The descriptive analysis indicated moderate stress levels (M = 5.00, SD = 1.07), varied resilience (M = 4.78, SD = 3.01), and relatively low subjective well-being (M = 2.25, SD = 1.22). Everyone agreed that taking part in cultural activities was good for mental health; however, changes related to modernisation were linked to higher stress levels. The results underscore the significance of culturally informed mental health strategies among tribal groups and establish a basis for extensive research initiatives.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUBLINGUAL TABLETS OF VORTIOXETINE HBr FOR AVOIDANCE OF FIRST-PASS METABOLISM
The oral route is the most common way to deliver drugs, but traditional pills and capsules can be slow to take effect and lose potency due to stomach acids and liver processing. To overcome these challenges, the sublingual route placing a tablet under the tongue—has emerged as a powerful alternative. It allows for rapid absorption directly into the bloodstream, avoiding digestive breakdown and first-pass metabolism. This review explores sublingual tablet drug delivery in detail. It starts by examining the structure and function of the sublingual mucosa and the principles of drug absorption through this membrane. The benefits of this approach, such as faster action, better bioavailability, lower doses, and improved patient convenience, are weighed against its limitations, including taste issues, dosage constraints, and variations in saliva. The ideal drug properties for sublingual delivery and analyze the critical role of formulation ingredients like super disintegrants, fillers, sweeteners, and flavouring agents. The discussion covers common manufacturing methods, including direct compression and effervescent systems, along with key factors for optimizing tablet performance. The review also highlights recent innovations, clinical applications, and commercially available sublingual products. Finally, it considers future directions for this field.
Dr. Ashish Sarkar, Ritesh Patil, Jayaprakash N S
झारखण्ड के जनजातीय समाज में िचत्रकला एवं लोकगीतों का महत
भारतीय परम्परा के अनुसार कला उन सारी िक्रयाओं को कहते हैं िजनमें कौशल अपेिक्षत हो। यूरोपीय शािस्त्रयों ने भी कला में कौशल को महत्वपूणर् माना है। कला एक प्रकार का कृ ित्रम िनमार्ण है िजसमें शारीिरक और मानिसक कौशलों का प्रयोग होता है। कला मानव संस्कृ ित की उपज हैं इसका उदय मानव की सौन्दयर् भावना का पिरचायक है। सीधे शब्दों में कहें तो आम तौर पर मानव द्वारा उसकी मिस्तष्क में चल रही हजारों प्रकार की कल्पनाओं को अन्य सभी भाई बन्धुओं के सामने िदखने की िक्रया को ही कला या आटर् कहते है। कला उस िक्षितज की भांित है िजसका कोई छोर नहीं इतनी िवशाल इतनी िवस्तृत अनेक िवधाओं को अपने में समेटे तभी तो किव मन कह उठा- सािहत्य संगीत कला िवहीन : साक्षात पशुः पुच्छ िवषणहीन: ।।
Visual Representations of Women in Independence-Era Posters
This paper investigates the gendered visual culture of the Indian independence movement by analyzing representations of women in political posters from 1920 to 1947. It explores how these visual artifacts both challenged and reinforced traditional gender norms within the context of anti colonial nationalism. Women were frequently depicted as divine figures, such as Bharat Mata, symbolizing the sacredness of the homeland (Kumar, 1993), or as revolutionary heroines like Rani Lakshmibai, evoking martial valor (Roy, 2007). Simultaneously, domestic imagery portrayed women spinning the charkha or supporting male revolutionaries, aligning their roles with Gandhian ideals of nonviolence and domestic virtue (Sinha, 2006). Drawing on feminist visual theory and semiotic analysis, this study examines 15 posters archived in public and private collections to trace how nationalist imagery constructed a gendered imaginary of resistance. While the use of female iconography appeared to valorize women, it often contained patriarchal undertones by situating them in symbolic or supportive positions rather than granting them full political subjectivity (Thapar-Björkert, 2006). These representations served as ideological tools, shaping nationalist sentiment and public memory. The study concludes that visual portrayals of women were not neutral depictions but critical interventions in the construction of Indian identity. Through this lens, the paper reveals the enduring complexities of visual politics, gender, and nationalism in South Asian history.
भारतीय दशर्न में िनिहत संत एवं भक्त रूपी शब्दावली का वतर्मान पिरप्रेक में प्रासंिगकता
भारतीय दशर्न और अध्यात्म में संत और भक्त की अवधारणा अत्यंत महत्त्वपूणर्है। भिक्त आंदोलन की पूवर्पीिठका में आध्याित्मक जीवन की अस्त-व्यस्त िस्थित को सुधारने के िलए संतों ने महत्त्वपूणर्भूिमका िनभाई। मानव की मानवीय आत्मचेतना की परानुरिक्त का ऐसा प्रकाशन भिक्त तत्व है, जो सम्पूणर् िवश्व के सृजन के कारण ही परमात्मा तत्त्व के प्रित रागात्मक संबंध के िविभन्न रूपों द्वारा अिभव्यंिजत िकया जाता है। इस भिक्त का उद् गम मानव की उस शुद्ध बुिद्ध सत्व की अंतः प्रेरणा से हुआ है, िजसका अनंत प्रचार-प्रसार सृिष्ट के कण-कण में समािहत है और चहुँ ओर देखा जा सकता है । श्रद्धा और प्रेम का यह योग हमें हमारे इष्ट प्रभु के आनन्द सागर में डूबो देने की क्षमता रखता है। इसी भिक्त तत्त्व के मूल में हमें भावों का अथाह समंदर भी िमलता है, िजसमें गोता लगाकर ही मानव मुिक्त की श्रेणी में पहुँचकर भिक्त रस में लींन हो जाता है। इस भिक्त में गोता लगाने वाले मुख्य रूप से भक्त एवं संत की श्रेणी शािमल जीव होते हैं। इस लेख में भक्तों एवं संतों पर िवस्तृत चचार् की गई है ।
Restoration of Health and Rationalisation of Vital Force: An Integrative Perspective Between Psychology and Homeopathy
The restoration of health and rationalisation of the vital force are central tenets of holistic medicine, particularly in homeopathy. In recent decades, the rise of psychological distress and lifestyle-related disorders has emphasized the need to explore the interrelation between mental and physical wellbeing. This paper investigates the philosophical and scientific basis of health restoration through the dual lenses of psychology and homeopathy. By synthesizing principles from Dr. Samuel HahnemannÖs Organon of Medicine and psychological theories of perception, cognition, and emotion, the paper highlights how homeopathic philosophy can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the human healing process. The integration of rational health practices and vital force regulation is proposed as a pathway to achieving true holistic wellness.
A Mini Review of the Psychophysiology of Mind-Body Regulation and Its Importance in Homoeopathic Healing
Psychological disorders, such as depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cause measurable impairments in neuroendocrine, immunological, autonomic, metabolic, and cardiovascular systems (Cannon, 1932; Selye, 1956; Osei et al., 2024). These psychosomatic effects increase the risk of comorbidity and reduce quality of life. In classical homoeopathy, comprehensive materia medica sources like Lectures on Homoeopathic Philosophy and Materia Medica with Repertory (Kent, 1905; Boericke, 1927) list remedies (like Natrum muriaticum, Lycopodium clavatum, and Pulsatilla nigricans) that are used to treat specific psychologicalemotional and somatic symptoms. This review synthesises contemporary insights into mind–body pathways associated with psychiatric disorders, including hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, inflammation, autonomic imbalance, and gut–brain axis modifications, while juxtaposing these mechanisms with the remedy-profile rationale present in homoeopathic materia medica. Although empirical evidence substantiating homoeopathy in mental health is scarce and inconsistent (Davidson et al., 2011; Rotella et al., 2020), morally robust and methodologically sound research avenues are suggested to investigate integrative models.
Geetika Maity, Dipti Chourasia, Varshana Chatterjee, Kamil Hussain, Satish Kumar, Prerna Kumari, MD. Mazhar Aziz, and Pooja Kumari
Evolution and Application of Artificial Intelligence
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) is closely linked to the four Industrial Revolutions that have influenced human history (Schwab, 2017). The initial Industrial Revolution, characterised by mechanisation and steam power from the late 18th to early 19th century, established the groundwork for mass production and urbanisation. The second Industrial Revolution, marked by electrification and assembly lines from the late 19th to early 20th century, advanced industrialisation significantly. The third Industrial Revolution, or Digital Revolution, commenced in the mid-20th century with the introduction of computers, automation, and telecommunications, resulting in the digitalisation of society (Rifkin, 2011).
भारत में जेंडर न्याय और नारीवादी कानूनी सुधारः चुनौतियाँ एवं अवसर
यह शोध आलेख भारत मेंजेंडर न्याय प्राप्त करनेहेतुनारीवादी कानूनी सुधारों की अनिवार्यआवश्यकता की पड़ताल करता है। पिछलेकु छ वर्षों मेंकानूनी परिदृश्य मेंउल्लेखनीय प्रगति के बावजूद, विभिन्न क्षेत्रों मेंजेंडर असमानताएँअब भी व्यापत हैं, जिसके लिए नारीवादी दृष्टिकोण सेमौजूदा कानूनों और नीतियों के आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण की आवश्यकता है। सारांश मेंभारतीय संदर्भमेंजेंडर न्याय हेतुनारीवादी कानूनी सुधारों पर चर्चाको आकार देनेवालेप्रमुख विषयों, पद्धतियों और निष्कर्षों की रूपरेखा दी गई है। शोध आलेख भारत मेंजेंडर असमानताओ ंको बढ़ावा देनेवालेऐतिहासिक और सामाजिक-सांस्कृतिक कारकों को संदर्भित करके शुरू होता है। यह महिला, ट्रांसजेंडर और अन्य हाशियागत जेंडर पहचानों के समक्ष बहुमुखी चुनौतियों का समाधान करनेमेंमौजूदा कानूनी ढाँचों की सीमाओ ंपर प्रकाश डालता है। विवाह, उत्तराधिकार, घरेलू हिंसा, कार्यस्थल पर भेदभाव और प्रजनन अधिकारों सेसंबंधित मौजूदा कानूनों का आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण उन कमियों और पूर्वाग्रहों को उजागर करता हैजो जेंडर आधारित भेदभाव को कायम रखतेहैं। यह शोध आलेख इन कानूनी ढाँचों की व्यापक समीक्षा के लिए तर्क देता है, ऐसेसंशोधनों की वकालत करता हैजो समकालीन नारीवादी दृष्टिकोणों को दर्शातेहैंऔर मौलिक समानता को बढ़ावा देतेहैं।
Policy Measures on Sex Selection Abortions in India: A gender transformative evaluation
The preference for a son and deselection of a daughter in India has been a persistent problem for a century. Patrilineal and patrilocal kinship practices are prevalent, particularly in the north-western region of India. Women are separated from the natal household and are completely absorbed in the marital family. Rigid kinship practices and norms disincentivise families from raising a daughter and make it essential to have a son. The present paper adopts a gender transformative lens to review the literature discussing the causes behind the practice of sex-selective abortions and the policies aimed at curbing them. While the root causes behind sex-selective abortions lie in the patrilineal and patrilocal kinship practices, the laws, social protection schemes, awareness, and sensitisation messages have hardly influenced the structure where the problem stems from. The paper recommends measures that address the root causes of the problem.
Mental Health and Wellbeing in Education: The Crucial Role of Teacher-Student Relationships
The mental health of students has become a crucial aspect of overall well-being, particularly within educational environments. This paper examines the crucial role of teacher-student relationships in educational institutions in promoting students' well-being. Drawing on studies and practical educational insights, the paper highlights emotionally supportive and empathetic teacher-student dynamics that can foster resilience, alleviate anxiety, and improve overall academic outcomes. The importance of mental health and well-being in education is actively promoted by the NEP 2020 and the NCF through various initiatives and support systems to help students navigate and overcome the challenges they face. By focusing on this aspect, educational institutions can train teachers with the essential skills to support students' well-being. Similarly, educational institutions can plan intervention programs and other related activities accordingly to help improve students’ mental health and well-being. This paper can help educational institutions to establish a holistic approach to the educational system and recognise student's mental health as an essential aspect of their academic achievement.
Language Technology: A Catalyst for Skill Development and Employment Opportunities in the Digital Era
Language technology is reshaping communication, education, and employment landscapes across the globe. With advances in artificial intelligence, natural language processing (NLP), and machine translation, the demand for skilled professionals proficient in language technolo- gies is surging. This paper explores the intersection of language technology, skill development, and employment opportunities, analyzing current trends, tools, and emerging markets. It also examines policy frameworks, educational interventions, and challenges in harnessing language technology for inclusive growth, especially in multilingual societies.
भारतीय राजनीति में महिलाओं की भागीदारी: ऐतिहासिक परिप्रेक्ष्य और वर्तमान स्थिति
भारतीय समाज में महिलाओं की सामाजिक स्थिति का ऐतिहासिक यात्रा के दौरान विभिन्न रूपों में विश्लेषण किया गया है। प्राचीन काल में महिलाओं की स्थिति सशक्त और सम्मानजनक थी। स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में भी महिलाओं की सक्रिय भागीदारी रही, लेकिन स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के बाद उनकी सामाजिक स्थिति में अपेक्षित सुधार नहीं हो सका।
Impact of environmental factors on the degradation of various steel grades over time
The pace at which metals and other materials corrode is significantly influenced by atmospheric pollutants including SO2, NO2 and CO2. The rate of corrosion in steels is determined by their chemistry. Studies conducted in numerous nations have shown that pollution has a significant impact on corrosion rate. When moisture combines with the acidic gases produced by factories, the atmosphere becomes acidic. The corrosion behavior of two steel types—plain carbon steel (PCS) and weathering steel (WS)—exposed to the atmosphere of Jharsuguda is described in this study. The exposure of the samples took place between 2014 and 2019. Compared to WS, PCS exhibits a higher rate of corrosion. This is explained by the development of protective, nonporous oxide layers on WS. Raman spectroscopies validate the findings. The mechanism of air pollutants has been ascertained by analyzing the dusts collected at Jharsuguda. Laboratory researches on exposed samples have been conducted in order to determine the mechanism and comprehend the causes. Raman spectroscopy and other techniques have been used to investigate the mechanisms behind the degradation of various steel grades.
Neural Mechanisms of Human Decision-Making: Insights from Cognitive Neuroscience
Decision-making is a complex cognitive function that influences human behaviour across diverse contexts, including personal, professional, ethical, and economic domains. It involves evaluating available choices, predicting potential outcomes, and selecting the most appropriate action based on internal and external factors. This process is essential in daily life, encompassing a wide range of activities, from simple tasks like choosing a meal to more complex decisions such as financial investments or moral judgments. Each decision, regardless of its complexity, involves specific neural circuits and cognitive processes that work together to achieve desired outcomes. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the neural substrates of decision making, focusing on the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system, which work in concert to facilitate cognitive control, reward evaluation, and emotional regulation. The role of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, is examined in the context of risk-taking, reward processing, and impulsivity. Furthermore, the paper explores theoretical models of decision-making, including dual process theory and prospect theory, alongside their neurobiological underpinnings. Practical applications are discussed in fields such as psychopathology, artificial intelligence, behavioral economics, and policy-making. The interplay between rational and emotional decision-making, cognitive biases and real-world implications of neuroscience research are examined. By integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, this research contributes to a nuanced understanding of decision-making and offers potential pathways for improving judgment and decisionmaking strategies in clinical, technological, and societal settings.
Community structure of phytoplanktons community in two different areas along Getalsud Dam of Jharkhand state
Blooms including red-tides caused by phytoplankton are of significant value in the aquatic environment as they affect marine economy. Hence, an analysis of phytoplankton becomes essential in any study concerning hydrobiological investigations. Present study focusses attention on a thorough investigation of phytoplankton with reference to their species makeup, percentage contribution, population density and community structure. All these are calculated by prescribed formulas. The present study areas (stations 1 and 2) form a typical dumping yard system. Both the stations are present in the Jharkhand state along Getalsud dam basin area. The first collection site was fixed near the northern bank of the dam which was 1 km west of the residential area. The second selected site was fixed near the southern bank of the dam which was 2 km east of the small industrial area. The river water is extensively utilized for agriculture, fisheries, irrigation and navigation purpose. For two years, samples were taken from the surface waters of the research sites once a month, from October 2022 to September 2023. For convenience's sake and easy interpretation, a calendar year was divided into four seasons: postmonsoon (January to March), summer (April to June), premonsoon (July to September) and monsoon (October to December). These samples were utilised for qualitative examination after being stored in 5% neutralised formalin. Regarding the quantitative analysis of phytoplankton, the settling technique was used. Plankton numerical analysis was performed using Utermonl's inverteo-plankton microscope. Analysis of phytoplankton of stations 1 and 2 showed the presence of 187 species. Diatoms were the dominant group contributing 71.12% followed by greens and blue greens contributing 9.63% and 8.56% respectively. Dinoflagellates and others contributed only 3.74%. Each group's percentage contribution towards phytoplankton composition in the increasing order was as follows: Others < Dinoflagellates < Blue-greens < Greens < Diatoms.
Integrating Technology in Psychological Interventions: A Comprehensive Review of Approaches, Challenges, and Future Directions
The incorporation of technology into psychological therapies has developed into a revolutionary method for addressing the growing global need for mental health care. Technological technologies such as mobile apps, telepsychology platforms, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and digital treatments create new means to make therapy more accessible, tailored, and scalable (Andersson et al., 2014; Philippe et al., 2022). Despite apprehensions regarding privacy, user involvement, and the digital divide, research indicates efficacy in addressing prevalent mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD across many contexts (Lattie et al., 2019; Rehman et al., 2024). Recent advancements suggest that AI-enhanced extended reality (XR) environments can enhance treatment engagement and alleviate symptoms (JMIR, 2025), while selfguided virtual reality (VR) may prove effective for anxiety interventions (Graham et al., 2025). This study brings together the most recent evidence, looks at the pros and cons, and suggests new ways to use technology in mental health care.